System.Action 委托

方法描述

封装一个方法，该方法具有四个参数并且不返回值。

语法定义(C# System.Action 委托的用法)

public delegate void Action(
	T1 arg1,
	T2 arg2,
	T3 arg3,
	T4 arg4
)

提示和注释

可以使用 Action 委托以参数形式传递方法，而不用显式声明自定义的委托。封装的方法必须与此委托定义的方法签名相对应。也就是说，封装的方法必须具有四个均通过值传递给它的参数，并且不能返回值。（在 C# 中，该方法必须返回 void。在 Visual Basic 中，必须通过 Sub…End Sub 结构来定义它。它也可以是返回已忽略的值的方法。）通常，这种方法用于执行某个操作。

注意

若要引用具有四个参数并返回值的方法，请改用泛型 Func 委托。

在使用 Action 委托时，不必显式定义一个封装具有四个参数的方法的委托。例如，以下代码显式声明了一个名为 StringCopy 的委托，并将对 CopyStrings 方法的引用分配给其委托实例。

复制

using System;

delegate void StringCopy(string[] stringArray1,

string[] stringArray2,

int indexToStart,

int numberToCopy);

public class TestDelegate

{

public static void Main()

{

string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",

"Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};

string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];

StringCopy copyOperation = CopyStrings;

copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);

foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)

Console.WriteLine(String.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "" : ordinal);

}

private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,

int startPos, int number)

{

if (source.Length != target.Length)

throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)

target[ctr] = String.Copy(source[ctr]);

}

以下示例简化了此代码，它所用的方法是实例化 Action 委托，而不是显式定义一个新委托并将命名方法分配给该委托。

复制

using System;

public class TestAction4

{

public static void Main()

{

string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",

"Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};

string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];

Action copyOperation = CopyStrings;

copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);

foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)

Console.WriteLine(String.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "" : ordinal);

}

private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,

int startPos, int number)

{

if (source.Length != target.Length)

throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)

target[ctr] = String.Copy(source[ctr]);

}

您也可以按照以下示例所演示的那样在 C# 中将 Action 委托与匿名方法一起使用。（有关匿名方法的简介，请参见匿名方法（C# 编程指南）。）

复制

using System;

public class TestAnonymousMethod

{

public static void Main()

{

string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",

"Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};

string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];

Action copyOperation =

delegate(string[] s1, string[] s2,

int pos, int num)

{ CopyStrings(s1, s2, pos, num); };

copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);

foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)

Console.WriteLine(String.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "" : ordinal);

}

private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,

int startPos, int number)

{

if (source.Length != target.Length)

throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)

target[ctr] = String.Copy(source[ctr]);

}

您也可以按照以下示例所演示的那样将 lambda 表达式分配给 Action 委托实例。（有关 lambda 表达式的简介，请参见 Lambda 表达式（C# 编程指南）。）

复制

using System;

public class TestLambdaExpression

{

public static void Main()

{

string[] ordinals = {"First", "Second", "Third", "Fourth", "Fifth",

"Sixth", "Seventh", "Eighth", "Ninth", "Tenth"};

string[] copiedOrdinals = new string[ordinals.Length];

Action copyOperation = (s1, s2, pos, num)

=> CopyStrings(s1, s2, pos, num);

copyOperation(ordinals, copiedOrdinals, 3, 5);

foreach (string ordinal in copiedOrdinals)

Console.WriteLine(String.IsNullOrEmpty(ordinal) ? "" : ordinal);

}

private static void CopyStrings(string[] source, string[] target,

int startPos, int number)

{

if (source.Length != target.Length)

throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("The source and target arrays must have the same number of elements.");

for (int ctr = startPos; ctr <= startPos + number - 1; ctr++)

target[ctr] = String.Copy(source[ctr]);

}